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Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a type of malignant tumor originating in the lymphatic system, encompassing multiple subtypes. Its development is related to abnormal proliferation of lymphocytes. NHL can affect lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, blood, and other organs.
High-Risk Factors Include:
Age: More common in middle-aged and older adults
Immune System Abnormalities: Such as congenital immunodeficiency or immunosuppression after organ transplantation
Viral Infections: Including EBV (Epstein–Barr virus) and HIV
Environmental and Lifestyle Factors: Long-term exposure to pesticides or certain chemicals
Family History: Increased risk if lymphoma exists in family history
NHL can be classified as low-grade (slow-growing) or high-grade (fast-growing), and subtype differences affect treatment strategies and prognosis.
The symptoms of NHL are diverse and depend on tumor location and subtype:
Enlarged lymph nodes: The most common symptom, usually painless, often found in the neck, armpits, or groin.
Systemic symptoms (B symptoms): Including fever, night sweats, and unintentional weight loss.
Fatigue and weakness: Caused by bone marrow involvement or increased tumor burden.
Abdominal discomfort or bloating: When tumors affect abdominal lymph nodes or the spleen.
Shortness of breath or cough: Due to tumor compression of chest lymph nodes.
Late-stage symptoms: Enlarged liver or spleen, anemia, low platelet counts, or symptoms from organ metastasis.
Because these symptoms are nonspecific, early screening and diagnosis are especially important for high-risk individuals.
The diagnosis of NHL relies on multiple examination methods:
Lymph Node Biopsy
Tissue from a suspicious lymph node or tumor is examined under a microscope.
Determines lymphoma type, grade, and malignancy.Blood Tests
Complete blood count, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and immunophenotyping.
Assess the involvement of the blood system.Imaging Studies
CT / MRI: Evaluate tumor extent and lymph node involvement.
PET-CT: Used for staging, assessing treatment response, and monitoring recurrence.Bone Marrow Examination
Assess bone marrow involvement, assisting in staging and treatment decisions.Molecular and Genetic Testing
Analyze tumor gene variations and immunophenotype for personalized care and support planning.
Management of NHL includes chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted/immunotherapy support, and personalized care, aiming to control tumors, reduce recurrence, and improve quality of life:
Chemotherapy
Select appropriate chemotherapy regimens based on subtype and stage.
Coupled with supportive care, it can reduce side effects and maintain energy levels.Radiotherapy
Used for local tumor control or symptom relief.
Supportive care strategies can help improve quality of life.Targeted and Immunotherapy Support
Such as anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy.
Personalized care plans can enhance immune function and reduce treatment burden.Nutritional and Supportive Therapy
High-dose vitamin C, amino acids, glutathione, and trace element infusions.
Improve energy levels, support the immune system, and maintain overall health.Personalized Monitoring and Care
Regular imaging and blood tests to monitor disease progression.
Adjust care plans, nutrition, lifestyle, and psychological support accordingly.
Specialized care plans can be developed for high-risk or advanced-stage patients.
