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The Hong Kong Cancer Support Network provides you with comprehensive, free cancer information and professional assistance, ensuring that every patient and family member does not have to face the challenge alone.

Colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer refers to malignant tumors originating from the inner lining of the colon or rectum and is one of the most common gastrointestinal cancers worldwide. These cancers often develop gradually from benign polyps in the intestines, a process that may take several years. Therefore, early screening and regular check-ups are crucial for prevention and early detection.

High-risk factors for colorectal cancer include:

  • Age factor: Risk increases in individuals over 50 years old

  • Family history: People with a family history of colorectal cancer are at higher risk

  • Lifestyle habits: High-fat diet, low fiber intake, obesity, and lack of physical activity

  • Chronic intestinal diseases: Ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, and other chronic inflammatory bowel diseases

  • Other factors: Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and certain hereditary cancer syndromes

Early-stage colorectal cancer may not show obvious symptoms. As the tumor grows or intestinal function is affected, the following signs may appear:

  • Changes in bowel habits: Such as constipation, diarrhea, or alternating patterns

  • Blood in stool or changes in stool color: Blood may appear bright red or dark red

  • Abdominal discomfort: Abdominal pain, bloating, or irregular sensations in the abdomen

  • Weight loss and fatigue: Unexplained weight loss and persistent tiredness

  • Late-stage symptoms: Intestinal obstruction, anemia, or palpable abdominal masses

Since these symptoms are similar to other intestinal conditions, early diagnosis based solely on symptoms is difficult. Regular screening is therefore very important.

The diagnosis of colorectal cancer relies on multiple examination methods:

Endoscopy (Colonoscopy)

  • Directly observes the intestinal mucosa to detect polyps or tumors

  • Biopsy can be performed simultaneously to determine the tumor’s nature

Imaging Examinations

  • Abdominal and pelvic CT or MRI: Assess tumor size, location, and involvement of surrounding organs

  • PET-CT: Evaluate potential metastasis

Blood Tests

  • Tumor markers (e.g., CEA) can assist in diagnosis and monitoring disease progression

Molecular and Genetic Testing

  • Analyze tumor gene mutations to guide personalized care and supportive strategies

 
 

Management of colorectal cancer may include surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, targeted/immunological support, and personalized care, aiming to slow disease progression and improve quality of life:

Surgery

  • Early-stage tumors can be surgically removed to reduce recurrence risk

  • Postoperative nutrition support and care plans can accelerate recovery

Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy

  • Control tumor growth or metastasis

  • Combined with care plans, side effects can be minimized while maintaining physical strength

Targeted and Immunological Support

  • Personalized care plans are designed based on molecular testing results

  • Nutritional support and immune-enhancing therapies can strengthen the body’s resistance

Nutrition and Supportive Therapies

  • Intravenous treatments with high-dose vitamin C, amino acids, trace elements, and antioxidants

  • Improve energy levels, support immune function, and promote overall health

Personalized Monitoring and Care

  • Regular imaging and blood tests

  • Adjust care plans, nutrition, lifestyle, and psychological support according to disease progression

  • Special care plans for chronic inflammation or intestinal health may be provided when needed

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